<div dir="ltr">Envío la siguiente información que podría ser de su interés<div><br></div><div>Saludos,</div><div><br></div><div><br></div><div> </div><div><div class="gmail_quote">---------- Forwarded message ----------<br>From: <b class="gmail_sendername">SCIELO MEXICO</b> <span dir="ltr"><<a href="mailto:scielo@dgb.unam.mx">scielo@dgb.unam.mx</a>></span><br>Date: 2017-12-08 17:57 GMT-06:00<br>Subject: la (r)evolución blockchain: Ciencia Abierta que revolucionará el modelo de publicación y la bibliometría por citas<br>To: "<a href="mailto:scielo@dgb.unam.mx">scielo@dgb.unam.mx</a>" <<a href="mailto:scielo@dgb.unam.mx">scielo@dgb.unam.mx</a>><br><br><br>
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<font size="+1">La tecnología de las criptodivisas -a la bitcoin-
que está revolucionando el mundo financiero se aplica a la
investigación y difusión científicas, ¿Qué significa todo esto y
cuáles serían sus repercusiones?<br>
Seguramente, esta nota deja más dudas que aclaraciones, pero hay
que empezar a seguir el tema:</font><br>
<br>
<br>
<ul>
<li>El informe publicado por Digital Science (<font size="+1"><span><a href="https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.5607778" target="_blank"><span>Blockchain
for Research: Perspectives on a New Paradigm for
Scholarly Communication</span></a></span></font>)
explora el impacto que la tecnología podría tener en la
comunicación e investigación académicas.</li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li>La tecnología <b>Blockchain</b> tiene el potencial de
transformar la investigación y, en particular, la comunicación
académica. Permite que los datos se almacenen en una base de
datos abierta y descentralizada, sin ninguna autoridad central.
A medida que la tecnología avanza, podrían resolverse algunos de
los desafíos a los que se enfrenta la investigación
(transparencia, accesibilidad, reproducibilidad y asignación de
créditos).</li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li>Actualmente, existen cientos de iniciativas de "blockchain",
entre las cuales destacan Bitcoin o criptomoneda digital.</li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li>El "<b>Blockchain for Science</b>", creado por un grupo de
expertos dirigidos por el Dr. Soenke Bartling, tiene como
objetivo 'abrir la ciencia y la creación de conocimiento
mediante la (r)evolución blockchain'.</li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li>Según Bartling, el uso de blockchain en la investigación
permitirá significativos avances para los investigadores al
superar el trabajo por separado y en sistemas desconectados.
Permitirá que mayores segmentos del ciclo de la investigación se
abran a la auto-corrección, y tiene el potencial para abordar la
crisis de reproducibilidad y credibilidad que actualmente afecta
a la ciencia, así como en la reducción de gastos generales.</li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li>Apuntan en este sentido cualidades como : aceleramiento del
flujo de trabajo y reducción del error; permitir a los
investigadores publicar un texto o archivo con ideas, resultados
o simplemente datos; registro de diseños de estudio utilizando
el blockchain; aplicación de la metología blockchain para los
protocolos de investigación antes de recopilar datos;
automatización del procesamiento y análisis de datos;
mejoramiento de la revisión por pares ya que estarían dispoibles
el blockchain y datos subyacentes a los resultados de la
investigación.</li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li>Además, el blockchain podría subvertir los modelos comerciales
actuales de diseminación de los artículos de investigación:
tanto el modelo de suscripción y el de acceso abierto. El modelo
de blockchain podría ser sustentable mediante micropagos en una
cadena de bloques. </li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li>La (r)evolución blockchain impactaría también en la medición
del impacto y reconocimiento a los investigadores, ya que se
haría factible rastrear automáticamente toda la actividad de un
investigador cada vez que crea datos, realiza análisis
estadísticos, escribe un artículo o revisa un manuscrito. Se
crearían así métricas más sofisticadas y confiables. Apunta
hacia esto el manifiesto "Hacia la ciencia abierta: el caso de
un sistema autónomo descentralizado de <b>aprobación</b>" (<font size="+1"><span><span></span><a href="https://zenodo.org/record/60054#.WhwGNrQ-dmA" target="_blank"><span>Towards
Open Science: The Case for a Decentralized Autonomous
Endorsement System</span></a></span></font> ), publicado
de forma anónima. Este sistema de aprobación académica (AES) se
basaría en puntos de validación académica (AEP), que se podrían
utilizar para recompensar un trabajo digno de validación.
Cualquier resultado o contribución de la investigación
(difundido como blogposts, conjuntos de datos, software, etc.)
podría en teoría registrarse y aprobarse instantáneamente. Esta
evaluación sería significativamente más rápida que el tiempo que
demoran las métricas basadas en citas recibidas</li>
</ul>
<p><br>
</p>
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</p>
<font size="+1"><a href="https://www.researchinformation.info/news/analysis-opinion/what-blockchain-research" target="_blank">Publicado
en <i><b>Research Information</b></i></a><i><b><br>
</b></i></font>
<header>
<h1 class="m_-1514357299495571118node__title m_-1514357299495571118node-title">What is blockchain for
research?</h1>
<span class="m_-1514357299495571118rdf-meta m_-1514357299495571118element-hidden" content="What is blockchain
for research?"></span> </header>
<div class="m_-1514357299495571118content-date">28 November 2017</div>
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<p><font size="+1"><span><span><strong>Jon Treadway (pictured)
and <span><span>Joris Van Rossum</span></span></strong>
explain Digital Science's new report, Blockchain for
Research: Perspectives on a New Paradigm for Scholarly
Communication, exploring the impact the technology
could have on scholarly communication and research</span></span></font></p>
<p><font size="+1"><span><span>Digital Science has recently
published a new report,</span><a href="https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.5607778" target="_blank"><span>Blockchain
for Research: Perspectives on a New Paradigm for
Scholarly Communication</span></a><span>. The report
explores the potential impact blockchain could have on
scholarly communication and research. </span></span></font></p>
<p><span><span><font size="+1">Blockchain technology has the
potential to transform research, and in particular
scholarly communication. It allows data to be stored
in an open, decentralised database, without any
central authority. As the technology progresses and is
adopted, some of the familiar challenges facing
research – transparency, accessibility,
reproducibility and assignment of credit – may become
solvable</font>.</span></span></p>
<p><font size="+1"><span>There are hundreds of blockchain
initiatives, but the best known is the digital
cryptocurrency, or crypto asset, Bitcoin. Financial
transactions are conducted using bitcoins and broadcast
to the peer-to-peer network. A ledger of all historic
transactions is created and shared. Ethereum is another
well-known example - it is broader than a financial
transaction system and runs smart contracts that are
safeguarded from any other third-party interference.
Developers are able to build applications on top of the
infrastructure.</span></font></p>
<p><font size="+1"><span><span>‘</span><a href="http://www.blockchainforscience.com/" target="_blank"><span>Blockchain
for Science</span></a><span>’, a think tank founded
by Dr. Soenke Bartling, aims to ‘open up science and
knowledge creation by means of the blockchain
(r)evolution’. The organisation maintains a living
document collecting ideas on how blockchain could open
up science and knowledge creation.</span></span></font></p>
<p><span><font size="+1">According to Bartling, the use of
blockchain in research instead of working on separate,
disconnected systems would bring significant advantages
to researchers. It would make larger parts of the
research cycle open to self-correction, and could be a
new potential to addressing the reproducibility and
credibility crisis as well as reducing overhead. The
team proposes an array of applications for the
blockchain within science, including:</font> </span></p>
<ul>
<li dir="ltr"><font size="+1"><span>Automatically uploading,
time-stamping and where necessary, encrypting research
data;</span></font></li>
<li dir="ltr"><font size="+1"><span>Speeding up the research
workflow and reducing error;</span></font></li>
<li dir="ltr"><font size="+1"><span>Providing a notarisation
function by allowing researchers to post a text or
file with ideas, results or simply data;</span></font></li>
<li dir="ltr"><font size="+1"><span>Registering study
designs using the blockchain; </span></font></li>
<li dir="ltr"><font size="+1"><span>Smart contracts could be
used so that research protocols are set in ‘blockchain
stone’ before data is collected, and processing and
analysis would be automated; and</span></font></li>
<li dir="ltr"><font size="+1"><span>The peer review process
could greatly improve through the blockchain and data
underlying the published results could be made
available. </span></font></li>
</ul>
<p><font size="+1"><span><span>Bartling argues that the
blockchain 'bears the unique chance to realign
science’s incentive structures with honesty,
effectiveness, collaboration and true inventiveness'.</span></span></font></p>
<p><font size="+1"><span><span>The blockchain could change the
business model underlying the dissemination of
research articles. The subscription model and open
access, the current dominant business models, each
come with disadvantages. Access and usage could be
granted with micropayments on a blockchain, and this
would be a different, and possibly sustainable model.</span></span></font></p>
<p><font size="+1"><span><span>Research on the blockchain
could also have an impact on the way researchers build
their reputation. Whenever a researcher creates data,
performs statistical analysis, writes an article or
reviews a manuscript, it could be automatically
tracked and recorded. This would allow for more
sophisticated and reliable metrics. A reform of
academic endorsement is proposed in the manifesto ‘</span><a href="https://zenodo.org/record/60054#.WhwGNrQ-dmA" target="_blank"><span>Towards
Open Science: The Case for a Decentralized
Autonomous Endorsement System</span></a><span>’,
published anonymously. An academic endorsement system
(AES) is put forward built on the blockchain, based on
academic endorsement points (AEP), which can be used
to reward work worthy of validation. Researchers whose
output is endorsed to a high degree obtain more
points, and thus greater influence in the community.
Any research output or contribution – blogposts, data
sets, software etc – could in theory be be recorded
and endorsed instantaneously. Significantly faster
than the time it takes for citation metrics to accrue,
at least. But this is just one of the possibilities. </span></span></font></p>
<p><font size="+1"><span><span>Research appears to be highly
amenable to the blockchain but any new technology is
susceptible to hype and overstatement of its potential
impact. In the article ‘</span><a href="https://coincenter.org/entry/do-you-really-need-a-blockchain-for-that" target="_blank"><span>Do
you really need a blockchain for that’</span></a><span>,
a checklist is presented to determine whether a
blockchain really is a solution, or whether
improvements could be achieved without it.</span></span></font></p>
<p><font size="+1"><span>So will research and scholarly
communication eventually take place on the blockchain? </span></font></p>
<p><font size="+1"><span><span>In light of its potential to
solve challenges in the current ecosystem, it is
tempting to predict that scholarly communication and
other research activities will eventually take place
on the blockchain.</span></span></font></p>
<p><font size="+1"><span><span>However, science has evolved
over hundreds of years, and with its history comes a
significant amount of legacy in technology, systems,
organisation as well as culture. This legacy makes any
change difficult, despite the challenges associated
with the current system.</span></span></font></p>
<p><font size="+1"><span><span>Moreover, there is an aspect of
blockchain that makes a transition to this technology
even more challenging. Adopting a blockchain for
research successfully implies that it is adopted
widely, and this requires a fundamental transformation
at the level of funders, institutions, publishers, as
well as researchers themselves, which increases the
level of change required.</span></span></font></p>
<p><font size="+1"><span>The likelihood and success of a
blockchain for scholarly communication also depends on
its level of implementation. For example, information
stored on the blockchain could be restricted to
traditional researcher roles, publications and use of
content (e.g. authorship of scientific articles, usage
and citations). But it could also reward unconventional
roles and affect wider aspects of the research workflow
including peer review, publication of datasets,
hypotheses, etc., which would increase the level of
complexity. The blockchain, however, could have an even
broader scope, transcending scholarly communication. Lab
equipment and resources could be shared amongst research
groups using the blockchain, with aspects such as credit
or financial compensation being managed through the
platform. Funding could also take place using a
blockchain, and spending could be tracked and made
transparent. </span></font></p>
<p><font size="+1"><span><span>Whether scholarly communication
takes place on a blockchain will also depend on
developments in adjacent fields. In education, for
example, blockchain developments are moving at a
faster pace. </span><a href="https://www.blockcerts.org/" target="_blank"><span>Blockcerts</span></a><span>,
developed by </span><a href="http://learn.media.mit.edu/" target="_blank"><span>MIT’s
Media Lab</span></a><span> and </span><a href="http://www.learningmachine.com/" target="_blank"><span>Learning
Machine</span></a><span>, is an open initiative that
has introduced verifiable blockchain-based
certificates for academic credentials (amongst
others). </span></span></font></p>
<p><span><font size="+1"><span>Another example is Sony, which
</span><a href="https://www.sony.net/SonyInfo/News/Press/201708/17-071E/index.html" target="_blank"><span>announced
</span></a></font><span><font size="+1">in the summer
of 2017 that it has finished developing a digital
system for storing and managing educational records on
the blockchain Obviously there is an overlap between
an educational record and the academic record of a
scientist, so it is possible that developments in
education may speed up the development of a blockchain
in research as well</font>.</span></span></p>
<p><font size="+1"><em><span><span><strong>Jon Treadway</strong>
is chief operating officer at Digital Science; <strong>Joris
Van Rossum</strong> is Digital Science’s director
of special projects</span></span></em></font></p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div><br></div></div>